3D Cone Beam Imaging in Dental Practices

3D Cone Beam Imaging in Dental Practices Dynamic Cone Beam Imaging is progressively being considered as a significant wellspring of three dimensional (3D) imaging in orthodontics since the time it was presented in 1998. This original copy has been intended to feature the utilizations of cone pillar imaging, its experience, effectiveness and its extension throughout the years. In spite of the fact that its preferences are progressively over the normal radiography cases, and its regularly expanding prominence, there are a couple of disservices that exist under the surface and this original copy will in general investigate that also. So also, there are a few dental specialists who use it often while some will not utilize it in the workplace. Every single such situation have been assessed in this exploration original copy. Catchphrases: radiography, orthodontics, cone pillar CT, figured, tomography, dental practices, instrumentation 3D Cone Beam Imaging in Dental Practices For a long time now, the utilization of cutting edge imaging for most dental specialists has been constrained because of the contemplations of radiation dosages, accessibility and cost. Be that as it may, after the presentation of Cone Beam Imaging with the assistance of Computed Tomography, the open doors for multi-planar imaging have cleared their path for applications in maxillofacial locales. Prologue to 3D Cone Beam Imaging Cone shaft imaging depends on volumetric tomography, in which an all-inclusive two-dimensional advanced exhibit is utilized in mix with a three-dimensional x-beam bar and a zone indicator. The innovation utilizes a solitary output of 360 degrees where the finder and x-beam source move around the leader of the patient in a synchronization, which is fixed in a steady situation with the assistance of a head holder. At explicit timespans, premise pictures or the single projection pictures are gained by the gadget. These premise pictures look like the parallel cephalometric radiographic pictures, and the arrangement of these pictures is named as the projection information (Lofthag-Hansen, Thilander-Klang, Kerstin, 2011). Distinctive programming are then used to utilize back-separated projection to these pictures so as to produce a 3D set of volumetric information, which is then used to give reproduction pictures in the coronal, sagittal and hub planes (Noo, 2010). In spite of the fact that the rule of cone shaft imaging has been into applications throughout the previous two decades, the ongoing accessibility of incredible PCs, top notch identifier frameworks and moderate x-beam tubes have offered approach to increasingly business use of this innovation. Since the time the presentation of first cone pillar imaging in 2001 as NewTom QR DVT 9000 (Benavides, et al., 2012), a great deal of frameworks have been presented in the market. These frameworks can be sorted based on their discovery framework. For maxillofacial applications, the majority of these units utilized a charge-coupled gadget and a picture intensifier tube. Recently, a level board imager was brought into applications which comprised of a scintillator comprised of cesium iodide and an undefined silicon slender film transistor (Shah, Mann, Tornai, Richmond, Zentai, 2014; Stratemann, Huang, Maki, Miller, Hatcher, 2014). These frameworks produced lesser clamor and didn't require the pre processing for the decreases of geometric bends present in the design of indicators. Utilizations of Cone Beam Imaging in Clinical Dental Practice Cone shaft imaging innovation is appropriate for use in clinical dental practice because of its size, not at all like the customary figured tomography scanners that are costly and enormous to keep up and buy (Poeschl, et al., 2013). In dental practices where space is including some hidden costs, portion contemplations and expenses are thought about and the filtering degree is constrained to the head, cone pillar imaging frameworks become very famous. All cone shaft imaging innovation units give sagittal, coronal and pivotal pictures, with fundamental improvement choices of amplification, zoom and visual modifications, have the capacity of cursor-driven estimation and explanation increments. Different upgrades incorporate shading extents and differentiation levels inside the casing window. Estimations of cone pillar imaging innovation imaging in post-usable appraisal of craniofacial cracks (Wortche, et al., 2014; Mischkowski, et al., 2014), TMJ appraisals (Honda, et al., 2014; Tsiklakis, Syriopoulos, Stamatakis, 2014; Kijima, et al., 2014), careful appraisal of pathology and embed arranging (Weitz, et al., 2011; Maret, et al., 2014; Liang, et al., 2010) have been assessed into applications. Thus, cone bar imaging innovation has likewise been found into famous applications in the field of orthodontics for the appraisal of improvement and developments (Stratemann S. , Huang, Maki, Hatcher, Miller, 2011), with ubiquity expanding ever more at the West Coast of the United States. Points of interest of Cone Beam Imaging Cone pillar imaging innovation is exceptionally appropriate for the craniofacial region as it gives away from of bones and differentiated structures. There are various favorable circumstances for cone shaft imaging innovation over the ordinary figured tomography which include: Constraint of X-Ray Beam With the decrease of the size of illuminated zone to the zone of enthusiasm by the collimation of essential x-beam pillar, the measure of radiation portion is enormously diminished. Most units can be acclimated to filter the shaft impeccably permitting the sweep of whole craniofacial complex at whatever point essential. Precision of Images In the customary processed tomography, the voxels are rectangular and anisotropic, though the voxels in cone pillar imaging are square and isotropic. This permits the units to create excellent pictures changing from as high as 0.4mm down to as not many as 0.125mm of goals. Quick Scan Time Since all the pictures are procured inside a solitary turn, the sweep time is quick and practically identical to the clinical winding frameworks extending from 10 seconds to 70 seconds. The decrease in check time additionally diminishes the likelihood of movement ancient rarities (Suomalainen, Vehmas, Kortesniemi, Robinson, Peltola, 2014). Decrease in Doses Various reports demonstrate that the successful radiation portion is diminished enormously in conic shaft imaging frameworks when contrasted with ordinary figured tomographic frameworks. The normal measurement of the traditional frameworks is diminished up to 98% in the cone pillar imaging frameworks (Tyndall Kohltfarber, 2012; Pauwels, et al., 2012; Tyndall, et al., 2012). Diminished Image Artifacts Cone pillar imaging innovation pictures produce low picture curios because of the smothered calculations and expanded number of projections, particularly in the recreations planned optionally for watching teeth and jaws (Miles, 2013). End The quick commercialization and improvement of cone shaft imaging innovation has without a doubt expanded the entrance of dental specialists to 3D radiographic strategies committed to imaging the maxillofacial area in the clinical dental practice. Cone pillar imaging innovation imaging gives sub-millimeter, great pictures with spatial goals and short filtering occasions extending between ten seconds to a moment, characterizing it as a helpful wellspring of analytic strategies. References Benavides, E., Rios, H. F., Ganz, S. D., A, C. H., Resnik, R., Reardon, G. T., Wang, H. L. (2012). Utilization of cone pillar registered tomography in embed dentistry: the International Congress of Oral Implantologists accord report. Embed dentistry, 78-86. Honda, K., Matumoto, K., Kashima, M., Takano, Y., Kawashima, S., Arai, Y. (2014). Single air differentiate arthrography for temporomandibular joint issue utilizing constrained cone shaft figured tomography for dental use. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. Kijima, N., Honda, K., Kuroki, Y., Sakabe, J., Ejima, K., Nakajima, I. (2014). Connection between persistent qualities, mandibular head morphology and thickness of the top of the glenoid fossa in suggestive temporomandibular joints. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. Liang, X., Jacobs, R., Hassan, B., Li, L., Pauwels, R., Corpas, L., Lambrichts, I. (2010). A similar assessment of cone bar figured tomography (CBCT) and multi-cut CT (MSCT): Part I. On emotional picture quality. European diary of radiology, 2(75), 265-269. Lofthag-Hansen, S., Thilander-Klang, A., Grã ¶ndahl, K. (2011). Assessment of emotional picture quality according to demonstrative assignment for cone bar registered tomography with various fields of view.European diary of radiology,80(2), 483-488. Maret, D., Peters, O. A., Galibourg, A., Dumoncel, J., Esclassan, R., Kahn, J. L., Telmon, N. (2014). Examination of the Accuracy of 3-dimensional Cone-bar Computed Tomography and Micro-Computed Tomography Reconstructions by Using Different Voxel Sizes. Diary of endodontics, 9(40), 1321-1326. Miles, D. A. (2013). Chart book of cone bar imaging for dental applications. Core Pub. Mischkowski, R. A., Scherer, P., Ritter, L., Neugebauer, J., Keeve, E., Zoller, J. E. (2014). Indicative nature of multiplanar transformations got with a recently evolved cone pillar gadget for maxillofacial imaging. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. Noo, F. (2010, March). X-beam cone-pillar registered tomography: standards, applications, difficulties and arrangements. In APS March Meeting Abstracts , 1, 5003. Pauwels, R., Beinsberger, J., Collaert, B., Theodorakou, C., Rogers, J., Walker, A., Horner, K. (2012). Successful portion extend for dental cone pillar registered tomography scanners. European diary of radiology, 2(81), 267-271. Poeschl, P. W., Schmidt, N., Guevara-Rojas, G., Seemann, R., Ewers, R., Zipko, H. T., Schicho, K. (2013). Correlation of cone-pillar and regular multislice registered tomography for picture guided dental embed planning.Clinical oral investigations,17(1), 317-324. Shah, J., Mann, S. D., Tornai, M. P., Richmond, M., Zentai, G. (2014, March). MTF portrayal in 2D and 3D for a high goals, huge field of view level board imager for cone pillar CT. In SPIE Medical Imaging. Stratemann, S. A., Huang, J. C., Mak

Research Design and Methods

Questions: 1. Issue explanation of the examination and exploration gap.2. Definition and portrayal of hypotheses, models, laws, or concepts.3. The marvels and exploration questions (subjective studies).4. Talking about how hypotheses, model, law or idea associates with the exploration study. Answers: 1. Issue articulation of the investigation and examination hole The reason for this examination is to investigate the shamefulness and detainment of the African American individuals. The serious issue looked by the dark network of America is pointless executing, mass detainment and uncalled for lawful practice. In other word, the issue is evidently more the consequence of mass detainment (Belzer Ryan, 2013). Be that as it may, the circumstance isn't constrained to the elements for which dark American individuals are being denied. The writing on this theme is less and accordingly, individuals don't know about the issue. Because of absence of steady writing, it is hard for the dark American populace to retaliate such issues. The legitimate approaches and methodology for the dark American are is by all accounts inclination, which forestalls the populace to endure. The past investigates in this theme are restricted to the extraordinary jail sentences and uncalled for lawful practices. In any case, there is parcel of other social practices, which are exploitative and hurtful for the Asian American individuals of color (Graff, 2015). Absence of exploration writing is the significant hole of this investigation. So as to mindful the network with respect to dishonest and out of line practice, it is exceptionally imperative to have steady writing. Then again, training among this network is low, which keeps them from asserting their right. Thusly, it is essential to underline different elements that influence way of life of the dark American individuals. 2. Definition and portrayal of speculations, models, laws, or ideas The hypothetical establishment will be founded on the historical backdrop of treatment to the African Americans in United States. Dark American individuals are denied from the reasonable lawful practice and their offices. As per the lawful strategies, long sentence for superfluous explanation was a deadly practice. These practices are not new to the nation; it is something authentic, which shows how bad form put lives of dark American in danger (Harris Edwards, 2016). The manner in which dark Americans are treated in the nation is only an illicit development. With regards to the speculations, social liberties infraction would be the most proper for assessing the subject. As per this hypothesis, infringement of common right is illicit in US claim. Actualizing this hypothesis would assist with distinguishing how the dark Americans are being the survivor of inclination choice (Marable, 2015). Usage of medication strategies was the most significant factor to be talked about in this theme . The development of government for tranquilize managing was for detaining the lawbreakers. Be that as it may, according to the insights, the choice of government was inclination and thusly, individuals of color of America were detained every now and again (Hatzenbuehler et al., 2015). Assessing this strategy and its outcomes will assist with assessing the degree in which dark Americans were tormented and made to keep unjustifiable law. In any case, the law was framed so as to control the expanded medication offense. The investigation will examine these speculations, ideas and legitimate system so as to introduce the hypothetical establishment. 3. The marvels and exploration questions (subjective examinations) The examination will be founded on subjective investigation. As such, it will be conceivable to direct meeting with the focused on populace. Talking about the examination inquiries with the focused on populace will accentuate the realities behind the investigation point. The example for the examination would be the dark American families. Following are the examination questions are expressed. What are the issues looked by the dark American families because of out of line legitimate practice? What exactly degree mass detainment influences dark network of America? What are the issues looked by the dark network as opposed to mass detainment? 4. Talking about how hypotheses, model, law or idea associates with the examination study The hypotheses and ideas assessed in this investigation are successful to accentuate the past exploration result. The exploration will criticizes the social reason behind mass imprisonment in United States. The hypothesis of common right infraction would assist with seeing how legitimate system of America was utilized against the dark network (Gross, 2015). The theme relies upon history of treatment, which will assist with social event immense data in regards to how dark American individuals were deceived by the country (Belzer Ryan, 2013). The usage of medication strategy shows that how dark American individuals were strongly detained for long time. The point of the examination is to talk about the social reason behind the issues and consequently, these speculations, law and ideas are best. As this examination depends on subjective investigation, it is exceptionally essential to get to auxiliary information from real assets, for example, diaries and official statement. References Belzer, A., Ryan, S. (2013). Characterizing the issue of training paper: Where's the training, what's the problem?.Planning and Changing,44(3/4), 195 GRAFF, G. (2015). Updating Racial Caste in America by means of Mass Incarceration.Journal of Psychohistory,43(2)120-133. Net, K. N. (2015). African American Women, Mass Incarceration, and the Politics of Protection.Journal of American History,102(1), 25-33 Harris, D., Edwards, S. B. (2016). People of color Matter Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Keyes, K., Hamilton, A., Uddin, M., Galea, S. (2015). The inadvertent blow-back of mass detainment: Risk of mental bleakness among nonincarcerated inhabitants of high-imprisonment neighborhoods.Journal Information,105(1) Marable, M. (2015).How free enterprise immature dark America: Problems in race, political economy, and society. Haymarket Books

Atmosphere in The Hound of the Baskervilles Essay -- English Literatur

The Hound of the Baskervilles How does Sir Arthur Conan-Doyle create and keep up a scary climate all through his novel The Hound of the Baskervilles? Sir Arthur Conan-Doyle’s tale, the Hound of the Baskervilles, was initially distributed as a novel in 1902. This was an age when numerous individuals were keen on authentic issues to do with things like old archives and there precursors. A large number of the well known books were in the extraordinary and analyst types. These books were especially famous with male perusers and this is frequently due to the measure of principle characters being male. The Hound of the Baskervilles was initially distributed verbosely in the Strand magazine from August 1901 through to April 1902. Every month the part would end with a bluff holder, this was mostly so individuals would purchase the following issue to discover what happens in this manner in the story. After the serialized rendition of the story it was then distributed as a novel purchase George Newnes Ltd in London, 1902. Not exclusively was The Hound of the Baskervilles well known as book, it was additionally well known as a film. In 1939 the Hound of the Baskervilles was discharged just because as a film. The movie was coordinated by Sidney Lanfield and featured Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce. It was at that point recorded again and discharged in 1959 when it was coordinated by Terrence Fisher with Peter Cushing and Andre Morell featuring. Most as of late the story was recorded for the BBC as a ‘Christmas Special’ in 2002 for its century year. Indeed, even The Hound of the Baskervilles is more than 100 years of age it is as yet a famous book, it is the just one of Sir Arthur Conan-Doyle’s books not to be no longer in production and this is the reason it is viewed as his best novel. In Chapter 2 the revile ... ...his adds to the spookiness. When the hound is at long last released Conan Doyle portrays it as ‘In unimportant size and quality it was a horrible animal which was lying extended previously us. It was anything but an unadulterated hunting dog and it was anything but an unadulterated mastiff; yet it had all the earmarks of being a mix of the two - withered, savage, and as huge as a little lioness. Indeed, even now in the quietness of death, the tremendous jaws appeared to trickle with a somewhat blue fire and the little, profound set, remorseless eyes were ringed with fire. I set my hand upon the sparkling muzzle.’ This depiction and comparative ones add to the creepiness. To finish up Conan Doyle utilizes a few highlights to keep up a ghostly feeling. He utilizes an old family phantom story, a strange house possessed by an odd head servant and his better half, misleading moorland with ‘living’ climate and a got away from convict alongside the danger of the dog.

Synthesis Reaction Definition and Examples

Amalgamation Reaction Definition and Examples A blend response or direct mix response is one of the most widely recognized sorts of concoction responses. In a combination response, at least two concoction species consolidate to frame an increasingly intricate item. A B â†' AB In this structure, a union response is anything but difficult to perceive in light of the fact that you have a bigger number of reactants than items. At least two reactants consolidate to make one bigger compound. One approach to consider union responses is that they are the opposite of a deterioration response. Union Reaction Examples In the least difficult amalgamation responses, two components consolidate to shape a double exacerbate (a compound made of two components). The mix of iron and sulfur to shape iron (II) sulfide is a case of a combination response: 8 Fe S8 â†' 8 FeS Another case of a blend response is the development of potassium chloride from potassium and chlorine gas: 2K(s) Cl2(g) â†' 2KCl(s) As in these responses, its regular for a metal to respond with a nonmetal. One run of the mill nonmetal is oxygen, as in the regular union response of rust development: 4 Fe (s) 3 O2 (g) â†' 2 Fe2O3 (s) Direct mix responses arent in every case simply basic components responding to frame mixes. Another ordinary case of a blend response is the response that structures hydrogen sulfate, a part of corrosive downpour. Here, the sulfur oxide compound responds with water to shape a solitary item: SO3 (g) H2O (l) â†' H2SO4 (aq) Up until now, the responses you have seen have just a single item atom on the right-hand side of the synthetic condition. Be keeping watch for combination responses with numerous items. A recognizable case of a progressively mind boggling amalgamation response is the general condition for photosynthesis: CO2 H2O â†' C6H12O6 O2 The glucose atom is more unpredictable than either carbon dioxide or water. Keep in mind, the way to distinguishing an amalgamation or direct blend response is to perceive at least two reactants structure a progressively intricate item atom! Anticipating Products Certain amalgamation responses structure unsurprising items: Consolidating two unadulterated components will frame a twofold compound.The item shaped by responding a metallic oxide and carbon dioxide will be a carbonate.Binary salts respond with oxygen to frame a chlorate.

Teaching and Education Philosophy :: Teaching Education Philosophy

Instructing and Education Philosophy My way of thinking is that a teacher is the most important asset our nation has. Of the considerable number of employments or professions in this world none of them would be conceivable without instructors. There are two primary concerns to my way of thinking, why educators are significant and what teachers' identity is. Ideally perusing my way of thinking will give you a superior comprehension of the significance of instructors in this world. Instructors are significant in our general public since we need them to give our childhood the information and social encounters they should improve their future and the eventual fate of the whole planet. As an instructor I would like to be capable impact numerous lives and help understudies comprehend what training can accomplish for them and their future. I can review just a single instructor from secondary school who really discussed school and what we would need to improve arranged for school. Dr. Lawrence was my eleventh grade science educator. He had been a school teacher at George Mason University for around 30 years before he chose to instruct at my school. He brought a school like air into our study hall, which helped us, plan for the manner in which things would be in school. This is only a little case of what instructors are for, to teach understudies on something beyond books or scholastics yet on life. Educators are something other than individuals who transfer data abou t a specific subject. What teachers' identity is, they are anybody and everybody. Educators are grandmas, fathers, siblings, and sisters. For anything to be educated it must be instructed. I recollect ordinarily my mother and father sitting me down to discuss a few circumstances that may happen and revealing to me approaches to manage them. Study hall instructors particularly in the early years are the individuals that those understudies will see most over the span of the day and will learn <a href=http://www.

Essay on the Psychological Impact in Ads

Essay on the Psychological Impact in Ads The Psychological Impact in Ads Dec 20, 2018 in Psychology The Psychological Impact in Advertising In advertising, psychology is used in order to provide a service or sell a product. Understanding of the notion that affects human psychology can assist a company to better sell a product or help the customer to comprehend marketing strategies that make them purchase. Persuasion is the shifting of attitudes by presenting information concerning another attitude. The information can be processed peripherally or centrally. If it is processed centrally, attitude change is likely to have performance. There are two routes of the persuasion that may change an individuals belief structure based on cognitive processes that come up at the time of persuasion. The two routes are expressed as the peripheral and central routes. The peripheral route has to do with the fact that individuals cannot exercise effortful and careful analyze every message they come across.

Symbolic Meaning Of Tattoos - Free Essay Example

Tattoos can be seen anywhere from everyday people to the most well-known celebrities, and everyone has an opinion on them. Tattoos have a reputation of being rebellious and unprofessional, which is what most Hollywood movies paint the picture of. There is always a character covered in tattoos who ends up being a bad influence, going along with biker gangs, bars, and so on. Though we know movies are not real, and Hollywood is just doing it to paint a picture, many believe this stereotype to be true. Though against all odds, tattoos are more than rebellious acts of art. Tattoos have been proven to date back to somewhere between 3370 BC and 3100 BC (Davies 2018). the Iceman- a well-preserved mummy from the 4th millennium BC was discovered in Otzal Alps, with carbon tattoos in the shapes of dots and lines (History of Tattooing View of Tattooing History 2018). The origin of the word Tattoo comes from the Polynesian word Ta Tau. Eighteenth-century Captain James Cook is said to be the first person to have introduced the word tattoo to Europe after his 1771 voyage to Tahiti (Pickup 2016). James Cook was so fascinated by Islanders practice of Ta Tau and wrote, The marks, in general, are spirals drawn with great nicety and even elegance. One side corresponds with the other. The marks on the body resemble foliage in old chased ornaments, convolutions of filigree work, but in these, they have such a luxury of forms that of a hundred which at first appeared exactly the same, no two were formed alike on close examination. (Pickup 2016). Additionally, tattoos were picked up heavily among Cooks fellow soldiers who would use the tattoos to mark their journeys at sea, but westerners showed off their tattoos long before meeting the Islanders. Crusaders would tattoo the Jerusalem cross, to assure a christian burial if they were to die in battle (Anderson 2014). In ancient Egypt and India, tattoos were used as methods of healing, as well as methods of religious worship (History of Tattooing View of Tattooing History 2018). In ancient Egypt, the mummy of Amunet was discovered in 1891 CE, the body showed patterns of tattooed lines on her arms, thighs, and lower abdomen. Those tattoos were interpreted to be fertility symbols, which proved the statement that tattoos were only worn by prostitutes, dancing girls, and lower-class to be weaker, considering Amunet was a priestess of the goddess Hathor (Mark 2017). In 15 A.D., when Hawaiian people picked up the tradition of tattooing, they would use it as a way of distinction, to decorate themselves, to protect themselves, and ensure well-being. Hawaiian men were mostly tattooed on their faces, torsos, arms, and legs, whereas women were mostly tattoos from their wrists to their fingers, and even some on their tongues (Laura 2015). In 1849, around one hundred years after James Cooks voyage to Tahiti, the first tattoo parlor in the United States was opened by Martin Hildebrandt in New York city (Blanchard 2003). Blanchard also goes on to say how Hildebrandt began tattooing sailors and military soldiers on both sides of the Civil War. Tattoos were very common with soldiers and the WWII era was known as the Golden Age for tattooing, though sailors with naked women tattooed on them were not allowed into the Navy. That being said, tattoo artists would cover the usually cover the naked women in nursing dresses. Most soldiers considered tattoos as good luck, and would ink up before going to battle and would emblazoning themselves with reminders of their lives back home (Crum 2017). For those who may oppose that tattoos are more than just rebellious acts of art, think about todays society. We see tattoos everywhere, all shapes and colors, but they can also do more that paint a pretty picture on your skin. In todays society, tattooing has become cosmetic as well. From eyebrows, to permanent eyeliner, and even hairlines! In the article titled, Spot Her Medical Tattoo, it talks about a lady who was diagnosed with vitiligo and paid for medical tattooing on her fingers and toes to goes the patched where her skin had lost pigment (Menon 2017). Alopecia is another disease many people struggle with, especially women. Though wigs can be used to cover the hair fall out, they cant cover the lack of natural eyebrow hairs, but with tattooing technology today, the problem is diminishing. Today women can go get their eyebrow tattooed and restore their lost confidence. In conclusion, tattoos are more than just rebellious act of art. They were created to symbolize the different stages in our life, to express what we have gone through, what we believe, and to show a message to the world. Everyone will continue to have their different viewpoints on tattoos, but what is important is to understand each person has a different reason as to why they decided to permanently have a picture or saying put on their body. People should not be so quick to judge before learning about the history as well as meaning behind a tattoo. With all that being said, no matter someones view on tattoos, there is one thing that is undeniable, and that is the fact the history of tattoos is quite extraordinary.

History Of American Comic Comics Superheroes - 1191 Words

History of American Comic Book Superheroes. Before they become significant box-office phenomena and debut for TV serious, superheroes were short stories in printed media. Supermen, Batman, Captain America, Wonder Woman †¦were comic books superheroes. The idea of superheroes was long existed. However, as many comic books historians agreed, The Phantom, published in February 17, 1936, is considered to be the first comic book costumed hero. Since then, comic books superheroes were booming. In the mid-1940s, collectively, American comic books publishers sold between eighty million to hundred million copies every week. Though there is a difference on the span of years, historians divided the history of comic books superheroes into periods. Starting from the first golden age, this paper will point out and discuss the major historical events and phenomena that American superheroes comic books went through time. Golden Age Some scholars claimed the period spans from 1938 to 1949 and others say up to 1956. Despite its range of year’s controversy, they all agreed that, during this period the popularity of comic books reached its peak, both in terms of commercial success and cultural significance. The starting point for this period is usually associated with the coming of man in a red and blue costume, lifting a car over his head- Superman. Superman was the first comic superhero character to have powers far beyond a normal human being. Consequently, the arrival of Batman, WonderShow MoreRelatedAmerican Comics And Japanese Manga1048 Words   |  5 PagesWhen mention comics, everyone can think of America comics and Japanese manga. They are two big parts of world comics and represent western and eastern comics. So they will have some differences in style, content and development. America comics is mainly about superheroes and reflects individualistic heroism. Japanese manga has many genres. II. 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From time and again it is seen that comic booksRead MoreHistory of Marvel Comics1624 Words   |  7 PagesThe History of Marvel Comics Marvel Worldwide, Inc., commonly referred to as Marvel Comics (formerly Marvel Publishing, Inc. and Marvel Comics Group) is an American publisher of comic books and related media. Marvel, founded by Martin Goodman, started in 1939 as Timely Publications, and by the early 1950s had generally become known as Atlas Comics. Marvel s modern incarnation dates from 1961, the year that the company launched The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee

The Use Of Dualism With The Mind Body Problem Essay

Philosopher: John Locke is an English philosopher born in 1632 and died in 1704. He is one of the most influential philosopher to attack the concept of dualism with the Mind-Body problem. Topic: John Locke is very keen on personal identity. He believes that consciousness creates personal identity. The body isn’t essential, so when a person’s soul fleets to a different body, they are still the same person because their consciousness thrives: â€Å"Personal Identity is wherever the consciousness is† (John Locke’s pdf). In order to understand personal identity, he first identifies the concept of a person. A person comprises of a consciousness with experience, the ability to think for oneself, and awareness of the past and present, but not an actual physical presence. Brief Summation of Weekly Topic Dualism is the belief that the mind and body works together. The idea of dualism is that the mind is more than just a physical brain. Consciousness dwells in a mind, which serves as an identity and manifest as a soul. This is separate from a physical body and brain, where when the body dies, the soul will remain and continue living. Personal Driving Questions: Who’s to say that the body and the environment don’t make up the person’s identity as well? My answer: Nobody can rule out the fact that the physical body and the environment a person dwells in makes up a part of their identity. While I agree that consciousness is essential, because that’s where all experiences, memories, andShow MoreRelatedThe Brain Identity Theory, Logical Behaviorism, And Dualism Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever stop to think if your thoughts, beliefs, and desires can be described as something physical? The mind-body problem focuses on identifying the relation between the physical and the mental. Physical objects include our body, brain, and much more such as our neurons and the chemicals in our body. When we mention a physical object we can describe it by having properties of texture, shape, color, and size. The mental objects are said to be our beliefs, desires, and emotions. But can theseRead MoreGraham On The Mind Body Problem1502 Words   |  7 PagesClines PHIL 290-16 April 15, 2015 Paper 2: Graham on the Mind-Body Problem The Mind/Body Problem: Dualism, Physicalism, or Both? In â€Å"The Disordered Mind†, author George Graham claims the mind/body problem to be one of the most famous problems in the history of philosophy. The mind/body problem is â€Å"the question of the place of consciousness and intentionality or of the mind in the physical world† (Graham 76). In other words, are the brain and mind two separate entities, or are they one physical entityRead MoreThe Mind Body And Body1341 Words   |  6 Pages The Mind-Body problem arises to Philosophy when we wonder what is the relationship between the mental states, like beliefs and thoughts, and the physical states, like water, human bodies and tables. For the purpose of this paper I will consider physical states as human bodies because we are thinking beings, while the other material things have no mental processes. The question whether mind and body are the same thing, somehow related, or two distinct things not related, has been asked throughoutRead MoreWhat are the strengths and weaknesses of dualism and monism?1569 Words   |  7 PagesDualism and monism is a famous philosophy topic from ancient to now. The word Dualism means that our physical and our mental are independent. And our body and our mind cannot be the same. It is because of mind and body is two separate substances. In the contract, the monism means that both of the physical and mental are combined being one. And our mind and body are indivisible and are each influenc ed by the other. The monism and dualism individually has its strengths and weaknesses. The mindRead MoreThe Concept of Dualism Essay1013 Words   |  5 Pagesmachinequot; form of substance dualism best solves the mind body problem. My views in this area have been influenced by my twelve years of Catholic education. The soul, or mind, depending on your level of belief, was a complete and separate entity and was the center of a human being. The body was an ambulatory device that the soul directed. The idea that the mind is a separate entity and that it is independent of the physical body is the central point of substance dualism. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Read MoreDualism And Belief That The Mind And Brain Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pageshis argument for dualism, he states that humans are composed of both an immaterial substance and a physical substance. Moreland notes that there are contrasting differences between the minds and the brains and that they are ultimately separate entities. By defending dualism, Moreland seeks to make nonbelievers believe in immaterial souls, while discrediting materialism. We can look at the arguments in which Moreland uses to support the argument of dualism and belief that the mind and brain are separateRead MoreThe Theory Of The Mind Body Dualism1232 Words   |  5 Pagesscholastic Aristotelianism and created the first version of the modern mind-body dualism or emotion† (Encyclopedia Britannica). Born on March 31, 1596, he was dubbed as the Father of Modern Philosophy. His theory on the mind-body dualism, also known as Cartesian Dualism, created a stem of the modern pro blem of the relationship between the mind and body. He created the early version to further explain the interaction of the mind and body, to create a firm foundation that can be explained through scienceRead MoreI. Introduction. The Mind Body Problem Is A Problem That1590 Words   |  7 PagesI. Introduction The mind body problem is a problem that has been around for a long time. The problem is the question Does the body rule the mind, or does the mind rule the body?, the reason it s still a problem today is because we don t have a scientific understanding of how the mind and body interact. The interactions of the mind and the matter of the body is seen every day. You can only be aware of things around you through your senses. When you touch a table, your fingers tell you throughRead MoreCartesian Dualism vs Logical Behaviorism Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesAre minds physical things, or are they nonmaterial? If your beliefs and desires are caused by physical events outside of yourself, how can it be true that you act the way you do of your own free will? Are people genuinely moved by the welfare of others, or is all behavior, in reality, selfish? (Sober 203). These are questions relevant to philosophy of the mind and discussed through a variety of arguments. Two of the most important arguments with this discussion are Cartesian dualism and logical behaviorismRead MoreIs Dualism Best? The Nature Of Consciousness? Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesStudent ID Number: 00180694 November 2rd, 2016 Philosophy 101: Introduction to Philosophy Professor Bayne Dualism Best Explains the Nature of Consciousness The three theories we have discussed so far are the dualism theory of Plato and Descartes, the Aristotelian theory, and the Physicalism (identity) theory of Place and Strong. The identity of consciousness means that if you have the same consciousness, you are the same person, and if not conscience, you are not the same person. The thing that

The Fire Next Time By James Baldwin - 906 Words

What America Must Become Racism is no new concept, even in this day and age. For centuries, the topic of racism has been prevalent, within the confines of the United States especially. James Baldwin, author of The Fire Next Time, writes of his experiences and thoughts of racism throughout his life in the previously mentioned book. Though published in 1962, Baldwin’s The Fire Next Time greatly relates to the U.S even to this day. Baldwin shows a different side of racism that one might have never thought—while keeping a sense of hope for the future intact. In the first essay dedicated to his nephew, Baldwin says, â€Å"[†¦] and we can make America what America must become,† and it mustn’t become anything without trying (Baldwin 10). Throughout the entire book, Baldwin makes reoccurring references to the Holocaust, comparing it to the racism in America. This connection, while frightening, highlights how similar in treatment black people were to Jewish people. â€Å"For my part, the fate of the Jews, and the world’s indifference to it, frightened me very much. I could not but feel, in those sorrowful years, that this human indifference, concerning which I knew so much already, would be my portion on the day that the United States decided to murder its Negroes systematically instead of little by little and catch-as-catch can† (53). Here, Baldwin expresses his concern with the white people’s indifference towards black people, and how closely it aligns with how German people treated JewishShow MoreRelatedThe Fire Next Time By James Baldwin851 Words   |  4 Pageswants to be â€Å"just another one† and playing by someone else’s rules. In the three works â€Å"The Fire Next Timeâ⠂¬ , A james Baldwin photograph, and â€Å"Para Teresa† i found evidence of marginality and assimilation for all different kinds of worldwide issues toda. I’ll explain. In James Baldwin’s â€Å"The Fire Next Time† there were many examples of assimilation and marginality. For example, in this work Baldwin writes â€Å"Also I knew that once I entered the house, I couldn t smoke or drink, and I felt guiltyRead MoreThe Fire Next Time By James Baldwin1493 Words   |  6 PagesIn James Baldwin’s collection of essays, The Fire Next Time, he discusses a range of topics stemming from the ultimate point that despite current implications and present maltreatment of African Americans in America, White Americans are not the only ones who contribute to the inferiority of Blacks. It is a collective action problem that has to be realized on both sides of this issue. In order for the nation to move on as a whole and get somewhere past this, Blacks and Whites have to work togetherRead MoreThe Fire Next Time By James Baldwin1394 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fire Next Time and its political message â€Å"The country is celebrating one hundred years of freedom one hundred years too soon.† (Baldwin, 10) The Fire Next Time, written by James Baldwin in 1963 brings up the segregation in mid-20th century America with emphasis on the impact of history and politics. Although Baldwin’s main focus was not politics it is nonetheless an important aspect of the racial segregation because it was how the laws were interpreted that constituted the crime. Even thoughRead MoreThe Fire Next Time By James Baldwin Essay1875 Words   |  8 PagesIn the book, The Fire Next Time James Baldwin the author and narrator of the book writes about his childhood growing up in Harlem and what he witnessed and learned as he grew up. When Baldwin was fourteen he saw Harlem in a completely different way. He saw that the terrible influence of the streets were slowly trying to creep up to him and take him over. The people around him helped with these influences like his father who told him that he wa s heading down that road as well just like his friendsRead MoreThe Fire Next Time By James Baldwin869 Words   |  4 PagesBetween the world and me† is basically a letter Coates writes to his 15-year old son, Samori. The style and structure of the book borrows largely from â€Å"The Fire Next Time† by James Baldwin which has an epistolary structure and an elliptical style. At a glance, the texts seems like they were not meant for the general public as the tone of book insinuates privacy and intimacy. However, this is not the case. As a matter of fact the appearance of privacy is deceptive and he uses the letter form to giveRead MoreAnalysis Of The Fire Next Time By James Baldwin848 Words   |  4 Pagesthis nation since the arrival of the Spanish Conquistadors. The Fire Next Time, written by James Baldwin, is an account of this historic issue during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, a collection of peaceful protests and boycotting of public transportation systems to combat racial segregation and achieve equal rights for all. In this testament to the cruelty suffered by the African American population during this crusade, Baldwin illustrates the domestic cataclysm wrought upon his people byRead MoreEssay about The Fire Next Time by James Baldwin735 Words   |  3 PagesThe Fire Next Time by James Baldwin James Baldwins book The fire Next Time opens up an entirely new world to most readers. It opens the reader to the harsh world of a black boy growing into a man in the poor city slums and all of the issues that a black man has to face. This book does more for the reader than any article published about the blacks living in the poor cities in terms of exposure for the reader. The reason why it hasRead MoreJames Baldwin s The Fire Next Time1840 Words   |  8 PagesTa-Nehisi Coates’ epistolary Between the World and Me has become a literary symbol for the â€Å"Black Lives Matter† movement. Structurally, Between the World and Me is a direct descendant of James Baldwin’s The Fire Next Time; both texts were written as letters to male heirs and released at pivotal moments in Black social movements. Coates’ work draws upon the literary legacies of the Richard Wright School of urban realism and the Black Arts Movement. Between the World and Me promotes a slightly moreRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s The Fire Next Time 901 Words   |  4 PagesThe history of America was followed by awful times involving slavery, racial segregation and inequality of African Americans living in the United States. During this atrocious time period, many African Americans had hope in their lives of America being entitled as one united nation i gnoring the color of skin. James Baldwin was one of many important figures during the Black Arts Movement (1960s -1970s). He wrote many influential essays and poems that impacted many people’s views on the history andRead MoreAnalysis Of James Baldwin s The Fire Next Time 1919 Words   |  8 PagesThe Fire Next Time, James Baldwin’s (1963) two autobiographical essays, a compelling precursor to many of the components of the Civil Rights movement, with resounding motifs of power/politics, religion/morality, racial injustice, and freedom. Baldwin lived in Europe for a number of years and felt compelled to return to America to get involved in the Civil Rights movement (James Baldwin Biography - life, children, name, school, son, old, information, born, movie, time, n.d.). The Fire Next Time

The Disparities Among Minority Inmates in the American...

The Disparities among Minority Inmates American Prison System Objective The objective of this study is to examine the disparities that exist among minority inmates in the American Prison System. Introduction The National Council on Crime and Delinquency reports that of all arrests that 28% of arrests, 40% of all inmates held in jails and prisons, and 42% of the population on death row is comprised by 13% of the general population in the United States, which is specifically that of African Americans. While white individuals comprise 67% of the total population in the United States and 67% of all arrests only 40% of the inmates in local jails and state prisons are white individuals and only 56% of the population on death row are white individuals. This means that there is an overrepresentation of racial minorities in the criminal justice system of the United States. This is referred to as disproportionate minority contact or DMC. (Hartney and Vuong, 2009, p.1) I. Arrests of African Americans The National Council on Crime and Delinquency (2009) report states that African Americans were arrested at a rate 2.5 higher than were whites. In addition, African Americans are reported to have been arrested for violent and drug offenses at a rate 3.5 times higher than were whites for the same offenses. African Americans are reported to have been arrested more than 6 times the rate for white individuals for the crimes of murder, robbery, and gambling and wereShow MoreRelatedThe Disparities Among Minority Inmates in the American Prison System1787 Words   |  8 PagesThe Disparities Among Minority Inmates in the American Prison System Melvin Kenney ENG 122 Dr. Beckwith-Howard March 18, 2013 Is the system rigged for the majority, or for those that break the law? Why are minorities more likely to be incarcerated? Is it because of the lack of education and parental support, living in poverty, socially and behaviorally challenged? Race-based differences in individual treatment are some of the most difficult challenges in American societyRead MoreThe Failure of the War on Drugs Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagesjustice system. Many politicians and advocates of the policy claim that the War on Drugs is a necessary element to deter criminal behavior and reduce the crime rate. However, studies show that drug deterrent policies on possession and use have been inadequate and unsuccessful (Cole Gertz, 2013). Studies also show that the War on Drugs has not attained its objectives because the policy exhibits racial discrepancy as it has led to the disproportionate incarceration of Blacks and minorities. SpecificallyRead MoreDisparities in Prison Populations Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesDISPARITIES IN PRISON POPULATIONS Although we would like to believe the world is not as racially charged in 2013 as it was in the 1960s, a look in our penal system would show that minorities are still arrested and incarcerated at a higher rate than whites. The United States has experienced a rise in its prison population over the last 40 years and our incarceration rate is nearly 5 times higher than any other country. Even though 13% of the US population are African American males, they makeRead MoreRacial Disparities in the American Criminal Justice System: Essay1858 Words   |  8 PagesRacial Disparities in the American Criminal Justice System: Rates of Incarceration of Blacks vs. Whites No Equal Justice in the American Criminal Justice System Shawn Y. Williams Troy University-Fort Benning CJ 5571 Probation, Pardon, Parole Instructor’s: Dr. Ronald Craig April 28, 2007 Abstract Racial inequality is growing. Our criminal laws, while facially neutral, are enforced in a manner that is massively and pervasively biased. My research will examine the U.S. criminalRead MoreRacial Disparities2051 Words   |  9 PagesRacial Disparities in America’s Judicial System The mandatory imprisonment policies written for the judicial system are creating disparity of minority inmate population primarily due to non-violent drug crimes and the unjust mandatory minimum sentencing laws. America’s prisons are the most populated in the world, and they are disproportionately populated by minorities due to the set of mandatory imprisonment policies set in place. Over the past five decades, the disparity between races has widenedRead MoreClass And Race Disparities Among Sentencing1901 Words   |  8 PagesClass and Race Disparities among sentencing in same acts of crimes Denny Vongkhamchanh San Jose State University Sociology 100W Spring 2015 Class and Race disparities among sentencing in the same acts of crimes. Throughout our society, people often question the meaning of being an American. America is defined as the land of the free and home of the brave. Most people say America is a country where everyone is treated equally no mater what color of skin you are right? But who determinesRead MoreCriminal Justice Reform Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Flag is perhaps the most symbolic piece of art representing the United States; the 50 stars represent the 50 states; the colors symbolize valor, purity and justice; and the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies. But for some, these stripes also represent the 2.2 million people held in the American criminal justice system, moreover they represent the disproportionate rate that minorities in the U.S. are incarcerated. What some consider the greatest democracy in the world, is reallyRead MoreThe Sentencing Of African Americans1626 Words   |  7 Pages African Americans now constitute nearly 1 million of the total 2.3 millio n incarcerated; that is 60% of 30% of the African American population. African Americas are incarcerated at nearly six times the rate of whites. â€Å"Between 6.6% and 7.5% of all black males ages 25 to 39 were imprisoned in 2011, which were the highest imprisonment rates among the measured sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age groups. (Carson, E. Ann, and Sabol, William J. 2011.) Stated on Americanprogram.org â€Å" The SentencingRead MoreSan Francisco Is A Major City Of California And The United States782 Words   |  4 Pagesmajor issues that need to be addressed, specifically in their incarceration system. San Francisco has created a system where minorities are more susceptible to being imprisoned due to the city’s precarious handling of funds. The San Francisco prison system hosted 1,556 citizens in the year 2013.[1] During that exact year, 56% of those citizens incarcerated were of African American descent, in a city where African Americans make up a mere 6% of the total population.[1,2] Compare that to the city’sRead MoreBlack Americans Receive A Stricter Punishment Than White Americans Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagesthugs and common criminals; these negative stereotypes demoralize men of color and allow society to believe and internalize this destructive thinking. The racial disparities that exist in the criminal justice system are an indirect consequence of the portrayals of African American men that circulate in society. Because of racial disparities that occur in the United States it consequently threatens communities of color by â€Å"disenfranchising thousands by limiting voting rights and denying equal access The Disparities Among Minority Inmates in the American... The Disparities Among Minority Inmates in the American Prison System Melvin Kenney ENG 122 Dr. Beckwith-Howard March 18, 2013 Is the system rigged for the majority, or for those that break the law? Why are minorities more likely to be incarcerated? Is it because of the lack of education and parental support, living in poverty, socially and behaviorally challenged? Race-based differences in individual treatment are some of the most difficult challenges in American society today and these are particularly apparent in the arena of criminal justice. Racial disparity in the criminal justice system is widespread and it threatens to challenge the principle that our criminal justice system is fair, effective and†¦show more content†¦High minority male imprisonment contributes to high minority child poverty several years later. There are two main mechanisms for this. The first is lower family earnings, especially in two –parent household with little to no education. Poverty poses a serious challenge to a childs ability to succeed in school. Research has suggested that living in poverty in the early childhood years can lead to lower rates of school completion (Brooks-Gunn and Duncan, 1997). Further, growing up in poverty can negatively affect a childs physical health as well as his or her working memory, due to the chronic psychological stress of living in poverty (Evans and Schamberg 2009). According to Brooks Gunn and Duncan, some 18 percent of minority children under age 18 were living in poverty. The percentage of these minority children living in poverty ranged from 5 to 52 percent depending on race/ethnicity and living arrangement. The second is more complex: high minority male imprisonment is associated with a rise over time in the proportion of minority children living with mothers who have not graduated from high school. I go on to say, â€Å"That high school dropouts are overwhelming minority males, and disproportionately represented in our state and federal prison system. High school dropouts are far more likely than graduates to be unemployed and underemployed, they will earn less money than those that doShow MoreRelatedThe Disparities Among Minority Inmates in the American Prison System2239 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿The Disparities among Minority Inmates American Prison System Objective The objective of this study is to examine the disparities that exist among minority inmates in the American Prison System. Introduction The National Council on Crime and Delinquency reports that of all arrests that 28% of arrests, 40% of all inmates held in jails and prisons, and 42% of the population on death row is comprised by 13% of the general population in the United States, which is specifically that of AfricanRead MoreThe Failure of the War on Drugs Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagesjustice system. Many politicians and advocates of the policy claim that the War on Drugs is a necessary element to deter criminal behavior and reduce the crime rate. However, studies show that drug deterrent policies on possession and use have been inadequate and unsuccessful (Cole Gertz, 2013). Studies also show that the War on Drugs has not attained its objectives because the policy exhibits racial discrepancy as it has led to the disproportionate incarceration of Blacks and minorities. SpecificallyRead MoreDisparities in Prison Populations Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesDISPARITIES IN PRISON POPULATIONS Although we would like to believe the world is not as racially charged in 2013 as it was in the 1960s, a look in our penal system would show that minorities are still arrested and incarcerated at a higher rate than whites. The United States has experienced a rise in its prison population over the last 40 years and our incarceration rate is nearly 5 times higher than any other country. Even though 13% of the US population are African American males, they makeRead MoreRacial Disparities in the American Criminal Justice System: Essay1858 Words   |  8 PagesRacial Disparities in the American Criminal Justice System: Rates of Incarceration of Blacks vs. Whites No Equal Justice in the American Criminal Justice System Shawn Y. Williams Troy University-Fort Benning CJ 5571 Probation, Pardon, Parole Instructor’s: Dr. Ronald Craig April 28, 2007 Abstract Racial inequality is growing. Our criminal laws, while facially neutral, are enforced in a manner that is massively and pervasively biased. My research will examine the U.S. criminalRead MoreRacial Disparities2051 Words   |  9 PagesRacial Disparities in America’s Judicial System The mandatory imprisonment policies written for the judicial system are creating disparity of minority inmate population primarily due to non-violent drug crimes and the unjust mandatory minimum sentencing laws. America’s prisons are the most populated in the world, and they are disproportionately populated by minorities due to the set of mandatory imprisonment policies set in place. Over the past five decades, the disparity between races has widenedRead MoreClass And Race Disparities Among Sentencing1901 Words   |  8 PagesClass and Race Disparities among sentencing in same acts of crimes Denny Vongkhamchanh San Jose State University Sociology 100W Spring 2015 Class and Race disparities among sentencing in the same acts of crimes. Throughout our society, people often question the meaning of being an American. America is defined as the land of the free and home of the brave. Most people say America is a country where everyone is treated equally no mater what color of skin you are right? But who determinesRead MoreCriminal Justice Reform Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Flag is perhaps the most symbolic piece of art representing the United States; the 50 stars represent the 50 states; the colors symbolize valor, purity and justice; and the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies. But for some, these stripes also represent the 2.2 million people held in the American criminal justice system, moreover they represent the disproportionate rate that minorities in the U.S. are incarcerated. What some consider the greatest democracy in the world, is reallyRead MoreThe Sentencing Of African Americans1626 Words   |  7 Pages African Americans now constitute nearly 1 million of the total 2.3 millio n incarcerated; that is 60% of 30% of the African American population. African Americas are incarcerated at nearly six times the rate of whites. â€Å"Between 6.6% and 7.5% of all black males ages 25 to 39 were imprisoned in 2011, which were the highest imprisonment rates among the measured sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age groups. (Carson, E. Ann, and Sabol, William J. 2011.) Stated on Americanprogram.org â€Å" The SentencingRead MoreSan Francisco Is A Major City Of California And The United States782 Words   |  4 Pagesmajor issues that need to be addressed, specifically in their incarceration system. San Francisco has created a system where minorities are more susceptible to being imprisoned due to the city’s precarious handling of funds. The San Francisco prison system hosted 1,556 citizens in the year 2013.[1] During that exact year, 56% of those citizens incarcerated were of African American descent, in a city where African Americans make up a mere 6% of the total population.[1,2] Compare that to the city’sRead MoreBlack Americans Receive A Stricter Punishment Than White Americans Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagesthugs and common criminals; these negative stereotypes demoralize men of color and allow society to believe and internalize this destructive thinking. The racial disparities that exist in the criminal justice system are an indirect consequence of the portrayals of African American men that circulate in society. Because of racial disparities that occur in the United States it consequently threatens communities of color by â€Å"disenfranchising thousands by limiting voting rights and denying equal access

How to Treat Violent Young Offenders Free Essays

How to Treat Violent Young Offenders A common assumption about young people who commit violent crimes is that they are simply born evil and that nothing good can come of their lives. From this perspective, the only solution is to punish these young offenders by locking them up, either in prison or in a place for teenagers designed to make their lives as miserable as possible. Such an approach suggests that young people who hurt or kill others are untreatable. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Treat Violent Young Offenders or any similar topic only for you Order Now It also suggests that more prisons must be built to make our communities safe. This assumption, however, is a false one. Research shows that violent young offenders can be treated and reformed. In addition, it shows that when young people fail to receive treatment,it does more damage than good. For example, John Hubner’s(2005) book, Last Chance in Texas: The Redemption of Criminal Youth, describes how experimental treatments at the Giddings State School in Texas can change the lives of violent young offenders for the better. Giddings State School is a facility run by the Texas Youth Commission for those who have not only broken the law in Texas, but who are also considered to be â€Å"the worst of the worst† (p. viii). This means that Giddings houses offenders who have committed crimes that involve weapons, serious injury, abuse, torture, and, in some cases, death (p. xx). For this reason, readers of Hubner’sbook might think that such young people cannot be redeemed. However, as Hubner (2005) shows throughout the book, the therapists, corrections officers, administration, teachers, and coaches who work at Giddings are committed to changing the overall outlook of the young people who are sent to the facility. Hubner describes how the students, as they are called, are â€Å"resocialized,† which means that students process their feelings and learn empathy in some unusual ways (p. xxi). Students who conform to the rules of Giddings earn the right to participate in the Capitol Offenders Group, which asks students to tell their life stories, their crime stories, and to act out scenes of their lives and crimes in role playing. Hubnershows how these techniques help save the lives of young people who came from violence and, as a result, led a life of violence. For example, in Chapter 12, â€Å"I Earned Myself Some Distance from Myself,† Hubnerprovides the reader with the case history of Candace, one of the female students at Giddings. According to Hubner, Candace lived for fourteen years in a family that struggled with drug addiction, violence, and sexual abuse. Candace turned to a life of crime to escape. Hubner writes about how she robbed stores with another youth named Derrick and took the money to feed her own addictions. While Candace never shot or physically hurt anyone during her robberies, the drugs and the stories she told herself about why she was committing her crimes have left her mentally unstable. Hubner(2005) observes that she often commits â€Å"thinking errors† in which she blames others for her own actions (p. 240). With this kind of history, most readers might assume that there is no hope for an offender like Candace. However, as the chapter reaches its end, the reader discovers that, while in Giddings, Candace has become a decent student, an independent thinker, a track star, and has a life plan that seems, for the most part, like it could work. Hubner(2005) concludes by relating that Candace is freed from the Giddings School and, while she encountered some problems after released, she is doing fine with two of her children, living with her foster parents in West Texas. While Hubner’s(2005) book describes how violent young offenders in Texas can be rehabilitated, another source explains what can happen when youth are not offered treatment for their problems. Natalie Valios (2006), for example, wrote â€Å"No Wonder He’s Distressed,† a short article that appeared in the trade journal called Community Care. In her article, Valiosreports onteenagers who break the law in Englandand who stay in â€Å"Young Offender Institutions† (p. 30). While England is certainly not Texas, and is not even in the United States, her article still overlaps with some of ideas found in Hubner (2005). Valios(2006) begins her article by providing her readers with information about the large number of violent young offenders who are locked up in England, even though they have been diagnosed with a serious mental illness. She turns to the case of a young man named Robert Stewart, a violent racist ho was serving time ina facility with an Asian teenager named ZahidMubarek. Valios(2006) summarizes a report that explains how Stewart killed Mubarek. She argues that there was plenty of evidence that Stewart was severely mentally ill, but that no psychiatric programs were available to treat his condition. As a result, Mubarekneedlessly died. Valios (2006) poses a good question: â€Å"How should we handle young p eople who are severely unwell but who have committed serious offenses? † (p. 31). She answers this question by advocating for better psychiatric evaluation and treatment of violent youth. Valios(2006) concludes her article by quoting from prison reformers and other experts who also want there to be separate facilities in England for violent offenders who are mentally ill and those who are serving time. While Hubner(2005) argues for the benefits of resocialization and Valios(2006) argues for the benefits of medication, both demonstrate that more can be done to treat youth who have broken the law. And even though the authors look at cases from two different countries, both write about how treatment is often a matter of life or death. Taken together, the two authors present evidence that, with more attention given to the details of a young offender’s life, institutions and facilities can do more than simply lock bodies in cages and throw away the key. References Hubner, John. (2005). Last Chance in Texas: The Redemption of Criminal Youth. New York: Random House. Print. Valios, Natalie. (2006,  July). â€Å"No Wonder He’s Distressed. †Ã‚  Community Care,(1631),  30-31. Retrieved October 20, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Trade ; Industry. (Document ID:  1083442291). How to cite How to Treat Violent Young Offenders, Essay examples

Romeo And Juliet Family Feud Essay Example For Students

Romeo And Juliet Family Feud Essay Engineers have devoted their time and efforts in making great technological advancements for the human race. They have proposed many options and ideas in making the world a great place to live in. The engineers of the 21st Century will follow in the same path. The engineering community must think about change and plan for the coming century. Change is a continual process that must be woven into the very fabric of our engineering and scientific endeavors. If they are to successfully meet the challenges of the 21st Century, it is crucial that they keep their finger on the pulse of ever-changing technologies. One major issue that is to be dealt with is human cloning. Human cloning got underway with the successful cloning of the sheep Dolly in 1997. It became evident that sooner or later, scientists might be able to clone human beings, too. In order to clone a human being scientist must read and map the Human Genetic Code. Humans have 46 chromosomes. Every cell in the body has its own edition of the complete 3 billion-letter code. Reading it, however, is much more difficult than reading a linear text, because placements and relationships along the text line combine to form other unknown levels of coded information and instruction. Cloning is a very intricate process and it requires special equipment and modern technology. To begin, a cell is removed from the organism that is going to be replicated, also known as the donor. The cell is extracted by an incision in the skin, a sample of blood or even a piece of the actual skin. Next, the second reproductive cell is taken from the female organ ism. The entire DNA is removed from the nucleus. A small amount of DNA is also removed from the donors cell nucleus. Genetic engineers insert the cells into the female and later the female will give birth to a baby that was not naturally conceived. The cells are inserted by needle to the uterus and take on the natural process of splitting into two cells. However, this process can not be done because reading and mapping the human genetic code has proven to be impossible. If the engineers of the 21st Century can come up with a way to map and read the DNA of a human then the human cloning process can be completed. The process of cloning would inevitably invite the use of other genetic technologies, specifically genetic manipulation of cloned embryos, and this could result in permanent, heritable changes to the human gene pool. Genetic engineers along with other would be playing a major role in the cloning of humans in the 21st Century. Huge amounts of money are at stake in human clonin g research. Overall, the process of human cloning has its pros and cons. Many say that human cloning can help people, while others say it spoils the human identity. Whatever the opinion, one thing is for sure; science of the 21st century will forge ahead, with engineers leading us farther and farther into discovering the very essence of man. Bibliography:

Tough Guise Essay Example

Tough Guise Paper In the film Tough Guise, featuring Jackson Katz it touched on the topic violent males or violent masculinity. Jackson Katz reviewed that about 86 percent of armed rob berries, 90 percent of murders, 99 percent of rapes and 98 percent of violence on women are all committed by men. When we talk about violence in America, whether its mass shootings in the r ell world or violence in our movies, media and video games, were almost always talking a bout violent auscultation. Says Jackson Katz from the Tough Guise video. Also (Katz,2014) in the video it says that the statistics tell the story, the overwhelming majority of violence ilk e; sexual assault, mass shootings, murder, and domestic violence resulting in physical injury, is committed by men and boys. ( Katz,2014) . Now (Katz,2014) this is not because all men are violent. Most men arent, or dont mean to be. Most of these crimes take place because these boo yes were taught that they needed to be violent to be masculine. This is not the boys fault, it is the way our society is. They see males taking the lead role all over our society. I feel that boys and you Eng men learn early on that being a scalded man mean you have to take on a tough guy imam GE. Men are basically taught to only show the world a certain part of themselves, they are not allowed to show their emotions. (Katz, 2014) All for this dominant culture that has defined being manly as; being physically strong, powerful, physically intimidating, independent, in con troll, and that they an scare people. We will write a custom essay sample on Tough Guise specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tough Guise specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tough Guise specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Also Katz says, If they are athletic or muscular they are see n as the top dog. All of these traits are seen as guidelines to be a real man that is respected. The e media nowadays is showing our culture that being violent is equivalent to being masculine. I would disagree with this topic. I understand fully that if you see something everyday you tend to feel that, that is the way of life and how you should also act. Howe ever also feel that you should know what is right and what is wrong. Therefore if you see a man rutting another male or female to get what he wants you shouldnt take that has, that man bee Eng masculine. You should instead take that as being wrong. Therefore I believe that violent masc. linty is not a taught behavior but a chosen behavior with that excuse.

animal farm though shant come to harm Essay

animal farm though shant come to harm Essay animal farm though shant come to harm Essay Napoleon in Animal Farm is a dictator. This is shown by his propaganda made by squealer and his portraits and use of violenceAnimal Farm is an allegorical and dystopian novel by George Orwell, published in England on 17 August 1945. According to Orwell, the book reflects events leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and then on into the Stalin era in the Soviet Union.[1] Orwell, a democratic socialist,[2] was an outspoken critic of Joseph Stalin and, especially after experiences with the NKVD and the Spanish Civil War, he was actively opposed to the controversial ideology of Stalinism.[3] The Soviet Union, he believed, had become a brutal dictatorship, built upon a cult of personality and enforced by a reign of terror. In a letter to Yvonne Davet, Orwell described Animal Farm as a satirical tale against Stalin "un conte satirique contre Stalin",[4] and in his essay "Why I Write" (1946), he wrote that Animal Farm was the first book in which he had tried, with full consciousness of what he was doing, "to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole". The original title was Animal Farm: A Fairy Story, though the subtitle was dropped by U.S. publishers for its 1946 publication and subsequently all but one of the translations during Orwell's lifetime omitted it. Other variations in the title include: A Satire and A Contemporary Satire.[4] Orwell suggested the title Union des rà ©publiques socialistes animales for the French translation, which recalled the French name of the Soviet Union, Union des rà ©publiques socialistes sovià ©tiques, and which abbreviates to URSA,

Battle of the Atlantic in World War II

Battle of the Atlantic in World War II The Battle of the Atlantic was fought between September 1939 and May 1945 throughout the entirety of  World War II. Commanding Officers Allies Admiral Sir Percy Noble, RNAdmiral Sir Max Horton, RNAdmiral Royal E. Ingersoll, USN Germany Grand Admiral Erich RaederGrand Admiral Karl Doenitz Background With the British and French entrance into World War II on September 3, 1939, the German Kriegsmarine moved to implement strategies similar to those used in World War I. Unable to challenge the Royal Navy in regard to capital ships, the Kriegsmarine began a campaign against Allied shipping with the goal of cutting off Britain from the supplies needed to wage war. Overseen by Grand Admiral Erich Raeder, German naval forces sought to employ a mix of surface raiders and U-boats. Though he favored the surface fleet, which would come to include the battleships Bismarck and Tirpitz, Raeder was challenged by his U-boat chief, then-Commodore Karl Doenitz, regarding the use of submarines. Initially ordered to seek out British warships, Doenitzs U-boats had early success sinking the old battleship HMS Royal Oak at Scapa Flow and the carrier HMS Courageous off Ireland. Despite these victories, he vigorously advocated for using groups of U-boats, known as wolf packs, to attack the Atlantic convoys that were resupplying Britain. Though the German surface raiders scored some early successes, they drew the attention of the Royal Navy who sought to destroy them or keep them in port. Engagements such as the Battle of the River Plate (1939) and the Battle of the Denmark Strait (1941) saw the British respond to this threat. The Happy Time With the fall of France in June 1940, Doenitz gained new bases on the Bay of Biscay from which his U-boats could operate. Spreading into the Atlantic, the U-boats began attacking British convoys in packs. These multi-ship groups were further directed by intelligence gleaned from the breaking of the  British Naval Cypher No.  3. Armed with the approximate location of an approaching convoy, the wolf pack would deploy in a long line across its anticipated path. When a U-boat sighted the convoy, it would radio its location and coordination of the attack would commence. Once all of the U-boats were in position, the wolf pack would strike. Typically conducted at night, these assaults could involve up to six U-boats and forced the convoy escorts to deal with multiple threats from several directions.    Through the remainder of 1940 and into 1941, the U-boats enjoyed tremendous success and inflicted heavy losses on Allied shipping. As a result, it became known as the Happy Time (Die Glà ¼ckliche Zeit) among the U-boat crews. Claiming over 270 Allied vessels during this period, U-boat commanders such as  Otto Kretschmer, Gà ¼nther Prien, and Joachim Schepke became celebrities in Germany. Key battles in the second half of 1940 included convoys HX 72, SC 7, HX 79, and HX 90. In the course of the fighting, these convoys lost 11 of 43, 20 of 35, 12 of 49, and 11 of 41 ships respectively. These efforts were supported by Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor aircraft which aided in finding Allied ships as well as attacking them. Converted from long-range Lufthansa airliners, these aircraft flew from bases in Bordeaux, France and Stavanger, Norway and penetrated deep into the North Sea and Atlantic. Capable of carrying a 2,000-pound bomb load, Condors typically would strike at low altitude in an attempt to bracket the target vessel with three bombs.  Focke-Wulf Fw 200 crews claimed to have sunk 331,122 tons of Allied shipping between June 1940 to February 1941. Though effective, the Condor was seldom available in more than limited numbers and the threat later posed by Allied escort carriers and other aircraft ultimately forced its withdrawal. Guarding the Convoys Though British destroyers and corvettes were equipped with ASDIC (sonar), the system was still unproven and was unable to maintain contact with a target during an attack. The Royal Navy was also hampered by a lack of suitable escort vessels. This was eased in September 1940, when fifty obsolete destroyers were obtained from the United States via the Destroyers for Bases Agreement. In the spring of 1941, as British anti-submarine training improved and additional escort vessels reached the fleet, losses began to lessen and the Royal Navy began sinking U-boats at an increasing rate. To counter improvements in British operations, Doenitz pushed his wolf packs further west forcing the Allies to provide escorts for the entire Atlantic crossing. While the Royal Canadian Navy covered convoys in the eastern Atlantic, it was aided by President Franklin Roosevelt who extended the Pan-American Security Zone nearly to Iceland. Though neutral, the United States provided escorts within this region. Despite these improvements, U-boats continued to operate at will in the central Atlantic outside the range of Allied aircraft. This air gap posed issues until more advanced maritime patrol aircraft arrived. Operation Drumbeat Other elements that aided in stemming Allied losses were the capture of a German Enigma code machine and the installation of new high-frequency direction-finding equipment for tracking U-boats. With the US entry into the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Doenitz dispatched U-boats to the American coast and Caribbean under the name Operation Drumbeat. Commencing operations in January 1942, the U-boats began enjoying a second happy time as they took advantage of unescorted American merchant ships as well as the US failure to implement a coastal black-out. As losses mounted, the U.S. implemented a convoy system in May 1942. With convoys operating on the American coast, Doenitz withdrew his U-boats back to the mid-Atlantic that summer. Through the fall, losses continued to mount on both sides as the escorts and U-boats clashed. In November 1942, Admiral Sir Max Horton became commander-in-chief of the Western Approaches Command. As additional escort vessels became available, he formed separate forces which were tasked with supporting the convoy escorts. As they were not tied to defending a convoy, these groups were able to specifically hunt U-boats. The Tide Turns In the winter and early spring of 1943, the convoy battles continued with increasing ferocity. As Allied shipping losses mounted, the supply situation in Britain began to reach critical levels. Though losing U-boats in March, the Germany strategy of sinking ships faster than the Allies could build them appeared to be succeeding. This ultimately proved to be a false dawn as the tide rapidly turned in April and May. Though Allied losses dropped in April, the campaign pivoted on the defense of convoy ONS 5. Attacked by 30 U-boats it lost thirteen ships in exchange for six of Doenitzs boats. Two weeks later, convoy SC 130 repelled German attacks and sunk five U-boats while taking no losses. The rapid turn in Allied fortunes was the result of the integration of several technologies which had become available in the preceding months. These included the Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar, continued advances in reading German radio traffic, enhanced radar, and the Leigh Light. The latter device allowed Allied aircraft to successfully attack surfaced U-boats at night. Other advances included the introduction of merchant aircraft carriers and long-range maritime variants of the B-24 Liberator. Combined with new escort carriers, these eliminated the air gap. Combined with wartime ship construction programs, such as Liberty ships, these rapidly gave the Allies the upper hand. Dubbed Black May by the Germans, May 1943 saw Doenitz lose 34 U-boats in the Atlantic in exchange for 34 Allied ships. Latter Stages of Battle Pulling back his forces during the summer, Doenitz worked to develop new tactics and equipment. These included the creation of U-flak boats with enhanced anti-aircraft defenses as well as a variety of countermeasures and new torpedoes. Returning to the offensive in September, the U-boats enjoyed a brief period of success before Allied forces again began causing heavy losses. As Allied air power grew in strength, U-boats came under attack in the Bay of Biscay as they left and returned to port. With his fleet being reduced, Doenitz turned to new U-boat designs including the revolutionary Type XXI. Designed to operate entirely submerged, the Type XXI was faster than any of its predecessors. Only four were completed by the end of the war. Aftermath The final actions of the Battle of the Atlantic took place on May 7-8, 1945, just before the German surrender.  In the course of the fighting, Allied losses totaled around 3,500 merchant ships and 175 warships, as well as around 72,000 sailors killed. German casualties numbered 783 U-boats and around 30,000 sailors (75% of the U-boat force). One of the most important fronts of the war, success in the Atlantic was critical for the Allied cause. Citing its importance, Prime Minister Winston Churchill later stated: The Battle of the Atlantic was the dominating factor all through the war. Never for one moment could we forget that everything happening elsewhere, on land, at sea or in the air depended ultimately on its outcome...

First aid and personal safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

First aid and personal safety - Essay Example The following are the objectives set by the American Red Cross; Recognizing and handling an emergency, checking the scene of accident for safety and the victims for consciousness, how and when to remove a victim from a scene that is dangerous, how to do an interaction with emergency medical services and the time they should be called, learn how and why it’s important to use basic precautions so as to avoid disease transmission risk while and after provision of care, how to make a prioritization and care serious life-threatening sudden illnesses and injuries, how to identify a victim who is conscious for both life and non-life threatening situations, how to care and recognize for victims who fall ill suddenly, how to identify and take care of various kinds of wounds, which include bleeding and burns, how to identify and take care of a victim injured by cold or heat-related emergency, how to perform simple precautions so as to minimize the risk of transmitting disease, how to ch eck external bleeding and finally how to identify and take care of bone, joint and muscle injuries, which includes injuries to such parts as the neck, head and back. There are three different and separate types of first aid kits; for the car or truck, travel purposes and for your home or business. For a First Aid kit to be effective it should always be stocked in regard to the localized needs. For instance, the First Aid to be used along the coast is completely different from that likely to be used inland.

Transfer of HRM practices by MNCs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Transfer of HRM practices by MNCs - Essay Example As Multi National Companies (MNCs) come into the picture, the scenario gets a little different. MNCs typically misjudge the effect that disparities in Industrial relations methods, workplace settings, and defiance from local people to several HRM practices can all have on their workings and operations. In addition, Unions also time and again, weaken to establish effectual transnational strategies to provide their memberships and associations in other countries in an improved manner. A question therefore arises that whether the MNCs can effectively transfer their HRM practices abroad, particularly when the notions that lie beneath these practices do not coincide with the norms, values, and cultures of the host-countries. The U.S. MNCs into the Chinese market have been taken into account in this paper Under the HRM practices, it is also important that one administers their approach toward the assistance and recompense for the employees, employee accounts and programs. However it is also critical that they make sure that their staff has, and is informed about, the personnel policies that coincide with the existing code of practice. Drivers of Change The world is moving on the path of change, with two significant drivers, i.e. globalization and technological revolution. The two influences actually pose as the foundation for a new way of sharing out the workforce concerning countries and organizations that has come to light throughout the preceding few decades. Different attitudes and opinions about globalization, divide countries and corporations, and also their volume and capability to transform or update themselves with new technologies. Basically the search for new markets and the means for resources has been the driving force toward globalization. As competition gets highly international, and in fact in some businesses, completely global, new production processes and organizational practices are seen to have emerged. (Competitiveness in Developing Asia, pp.58, 2003) The method, by which production at a transnational level is embarked on at current time, varies a lot from the way it was done some years ago. The argument remains in the intricacy of the production procedure, accompanied by the pace and extent of the transnational movements of goods and information. A large variety of highly innovative products, these days, are manufactured by Multi National Corporations (MNCs) in significantly competitive markets. Although MNCs have been there for quite a while now, their existence is very much sensed at current time. The uniqueness of MNCs nowadays is that they have production plants positioned worldwide, with the concern that production consists of planning, management, and coordination of innumerable operations. This lets MNCs to cut up the sequence of their

Impact of Vibration on Curing and Strength of Concrete

Impact of Vibration on Curing and Strength of Concrete Scope Research Need: During its setting process, fresh concrete transforms from a flowable state, via a plastic state, to a final solid state that includes a large number of crystalline domains formed by ionically and covalently bonded atoms. Early-age concrete thus is vulnerable to vibration damages if the formations of the chemical bonds and crystalline domains are negatively affected, leading to reduced early and ultimate strength. Vibrations could come from a variety of sources, such as passing-by trucks, nearby vibratory soil compactors, and blasting or seismic impulses. As demanded by the fast construction paces today, such vibrations often occur adjacent to newly placed concrete, such as when a soil compactor is used during the placement of concrete for bridge foundations or roadway slabs. Being a pervasive issue that is related to construction speed and structural integrity, weakening of concrete by adjacent vibrations cost stakeholders millions of dollars annually. This issue is b ecoming more imperative recently, owing to factors such as new design concepts and changes in equipment and construction methods. In the current state of knowledge, however, there has been a surprising scarcity of assembled information on the subject of vibration impact on concrete curing and strength. There exists a large number of different stipulations regarding the nearest allowable locations for vibratory construction and earliest allowable time for vibratory construction that are currently practiced by the different transportation agencies across the country, mainly the State Departments of Transportation. For example, the earliest allowable time for vibratory construction ranges from a few hours to a week or so. The existing stipulations appear to build on different principles, including laboratory experiments, field observations, numerical simulation, and most commonly the borrowing from peer practitioners or close engineering and science fields, which are far from systemati c. Work of synthesis on the subject thus is needed to identify, describe, and evaluate the current state of knowledge and practices to benefit the construction of bridge decks, pavement slabs, and overlays. State of Knowledge: It is generally believed that concrete is most vulnerable to vibrations between the initial and final setting times due to the negative effects of vibration on the bond formations in this critical hydration phase. The setting time of concrete refers to the time required for cement paste to stiffen to a defined consistency, which is closely related to the initial chemical reaction of calcium aluminates of the cement with sulfates within the first few hours after cement-water contact. The initial setting time of concrete measures the time as cement paste starts to lose plasticity, and a minimum value is required to ensure the completion of transportation, placement and compaction of concrete. The final setting time of concrete records the time at which cement paste loses its entire plasticity, hardens sufficiently, and attain the cast shape at mold removal. At normal construction temperature, the initial setting time of concrete could come as early as 60 90 minutes and the final setting time could be as late as eight to ten hours. Current practices use two empirical methods, i.e., the Vicat Needle (AASHTO T 131 or ASTM C 191) and the Gillmore Needles (AASHTO T 154 or ASTM C 266) for determining the initial and final setting time. The strength of concrete can be reduced by vibration beyond its final setting time. It was reported that two-day concrete could lose as much as 9.1% of its 28-day compressive strength under continuous vibration from heavy highway traffic, while the loss of the 28-day compressive strength for 14-day concrete was within 3%. Realizing this post-setting phenomenon, stakeholders have specified conservative time limits before vibrational constructions near freshly cast concrete. As an example, the Wisconsin Department of Transportation is considering to reduce such required curing time from seven days to five days, to enable more rapid construction while still giving sufficient time for concrete to obtain the design strength. If adopted, this modification undoubtedly will mean huge cost savings and convenience to the public. In addition, vibration seems to have different impacts on different properties of concrete. The same level of vibration can change the compressive strength of concrete by up to 13%, while reduces the tensile strength of concrete by 7%. Based on a study of vibration from highway traffic, the amplitude of vibration seems to be a more important factor than the frequency in causing damage. While a vibration of two Hz and three mm amplitude and a vibration of four Hz and three mm amplitude cause significant reduction in ultimate strength of concrete, the vibration had a negligible strength reduction at a one mm amplitude. To conclude, a synthesis work is needed to collect and evaluate the current state of knowledge and practices regarding the complex dependence of concrete quality and strength on the nearby vibrations. This work will be useful in the designing of both new and repairing projects, for more accurately determining the time needed before the start of nearby constructions and the allowable intensity and nearness of the vibratory sources. Information Sources ACI Manual of Concrete Practice (2015). American Concrete Institute. 2015. Research Results Digest 392. National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). Jan. 2015. Taylor, P. C., Kosmatka, S. H., Voigt, G. F. (2006). Integrated Materials and Construction Practices for Concrete Pavement: A State-of-the-Practice Manual (No. FHWA HIF-07-004). Federal Highway Administration. 2006. NCHRP Report 253. Dynamic Effects of Pile Installations on Adjacent Structures (1997). National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). 1997.